mechanical cables: gears are changed via thin shift cables.
electric cables: Campagnolo EPS or Shimano Di2 11s group sets. Shifters and derailleurs are powered by a central battery mounted inside the frame. All components are connected with electric wires.
semi wireless: Shimano Dura Ace - Ultegra - 105 - Di2 12s groupsets with disc brakes are powered by button cell batteries and communicate wireless with the derailleurs. The derailleurs are connected to a central battery mounted in the frame with an electric cable.
wireless: Sram Red - Force - Rival - AXS eTap work wireless without the need for cables. Control levers, front and rear derailleur each one has its own battery.